Ethical Dilemmas in Interpreting

Author
Devin Gilbert
Published

These are some results from some surveys that were taken by audience members of a Cross-Cultural Communications webinar I gave about ethical dilemmas in interpreting on Jan. 23, 2025.

I presented several different ethical dilemmas with varying possible responses during the webinar, and there were a healthy number of attendees, so it was really fun to see the results in real time. Each ethical dilemma had an "Other" option, so I thought I would publish the results so everyone would be able to see what got written in when attendees chose “Other.” All the write-in responses you’ll see are 100% raw data, so some of them are incomplete or don’t necessarily make sense.

Ethical Dilemmas from Terp Logo (a cartoony green brontosaurus head) Terp

Watch Your Profamnity

This ethical dilemma is from the Terp logo (a cartoony green brontosaurus head) Terp practice dialogue Ankle Sprain

When told they need to go to a different provider because the issue appears to involve Workers Comp, a patient explodes into a litany of profanity accusing the provider of taking advantage of patients.

n
211
  1. Interpret everything the patient said, profanity and all, accurately and completely.

    174

  2. Interpret the message without the profanity.

    10

  3. Let the provider know the patient is angry but do not interpret the exact words.

    19

  4. Other: 

    8

“Other” responses

  • Depends on several factors - IME, employers, etc
  • I interpret all and try to replace bad words with the term “foul language”
  • Interpret the message of discontent from the patient, and let the provider know that the patient used profanities like the F word in his message
  • Last, adding profanity is being used
  • Let the provider know the patient is using profanity and ask how to proceed
  • Summarize the litany, get the message of anger across, and be selective in the profanity
  • Tell the provider the patient is saying profanity
  • Will explain to the provider that the patient is saying many profanities

Please Read War and Peace with Patient

This ethical dilemma is from the Terp logo (a cartoony green brontosaurus head) Terp practice dialogue Type 2 Diabetes

Provider asks you to "go through" a lengthy booklet on diabetes management with the patient.

n
199
  1. Agree to perform a sight translation of the document.

    3

  2. Explain to the provider that the document is too long to perform a sight translation but offer to interpret the provider going over some of its key points.

    172

  3. Explain to the provider that the document is too long to perform a sight translation.

    17

  4. Other: 

    7

“Other” responses

  • Asked the provider to go through the document and I will interpret
  • Depends on the term of your contract
  • Go with option 2 and suggest getting brochures in different languages
  • I can interpret what you say from the document
  • I kindly explain I am not the provider or a diabetes educator, just the interpreter here to communicate, and I would be happy to help the provider teach the patient
  • I would like to help, but 20 pages is too long - is there a summary I could provide on sight translation?
  • This booklet by law should be delivered in the patient’s language
  • Explain to the provider that the document is too long to perform a sight translation

You’re Very Pretty, Ms. Interpreter

This ethical dilemma is from the Terp logo (a cartoony green brontosaurus head) Terp practice dialogue Hearing Test

After the interpreter delivers a very professional pre-session, the patient responds to her with “Wow! If all interpreters were as pretty as you, I'd never miss an appointment.”

n
202
  1. Ignore his comment and tell him you'll be waiting somewhere else in the waiting room for when it's his turn

    140

  2. Tell the patient his comment is inappropriate and then tell him the same thing as option 1

    43

  3. Other: 

    19

“Other” responses

  • Get it back to the
  • I will say thank you
  • Interpret as is
  • Interpret so provider hears
  • Interpret the woof
  • Interpret to provider and thank the patient for compliment
  • Interpret what he said
  • Interpret what he said.
  • Interpret what he said.
  • Interpret what was said and then tell him it was inappropriate
  • Other
  • Say thank you, then tell him I'm be waiting in another area until he is called for his appointment.
  • Thank him for the compliment then leave
  • Thank him. And wait somewhere else to his name is called
  • Thank you
  • Thank you for the compliment.
  • Thank you.
  • Thanks the person but tell that many interpreters act in a professional manner independently of their appearance.
  • There are a lot of factors here - is patient inebriated? Old? Young? Am I male? Female? Will I need to work with him for a long time? Short time? Is there a staff present? Am I an employee of the facility or an agency interpreter?

What Do You Think, Mr. Interpreter?

This ethical dilemma is from the Terp logo (a cartoony green brontosaurus head) Terp practice dialogue Change of Plea Hearing

After a defendant stubbornly pleads guilty to domestic violence in a very nonsensical way, the public defender asks you if you think that he understands what is going on.

n
190
  1. Explain to the Public Defender that the interpreter cannot give an opinion.

    165

  2. Respond to the Public Defender’s question, stepping out of the Interpreter’s role

    20

  3. Other: 

    5

“Other” responses

  • Answer one and add that the interpreter can only state the obvious
  • I can’t speak to that, but I will say he seems a little incoherent
  • Interpret the judges question about understanding
  • Pause flow of communication to interject and say that you feel the PD should say things in a different way because maybe he isn’t getting it
  • Tell the public Defender that you don’t know and will be happy to interpret when he asks the question to the defendant

One at a Time, Please

This ethical dilemma is from the Terp logo (a cartoony green brontosaurus head) Terp practice dialogue Educational 504 Plan Meeting

At the end of a 504 plan meeting between administrators, a student, a parent, and some teachers, the school psychologist and administrative assistant start to have a side conversation and so do the student and his English teacher.

n
310
  1. Ask the group members to speak one at a time.

    166

  2. Explain to the parent that the rest of the people are having a conversation unrelated to the meeting.

    121

  3. Other: 

    23

“Other” responses

  • Accuracy
  • Accuracy
  • Ask client what would they want me to interpret back to parent
  • Ask if they want me to interpret what they are speaking, and let they take the lead.
  • Ask parent if they would like to speak to anyone in particular. I am here as your interpreter
  • Ask the meeting leader to explain to the parent that side conversations are unrelated
  • Ask the people having side conversations to give a summary of their side conversations to the parents so I can interpret it to them and the parents don’t feel left out
  • Ask to focus on one conversation after another to facilitate interpretation
  • Asked for opportunity to interpret.
  • Both
  • Do a simultaneous interpretation.
  • Everything will be interpreted — remind them
  • Explain to the participants that you need to interpret everything and that if they want to have a side conversation, they can do it after the meeting or you can ask them to speak one at a time so you can interpret.
  • I think option one, but it’s not always as simple.
  • I will do both. First ask to speak one at a time. If they don't do it, I will explain to the parents they’re talking about something different
  • I would explain unrelated but I'd do simultaneous for parent's son and his teacher
  • I'll interpret conversations that concern parents
  • If the side conversation is personal and unrelated to the student, I would not worry about it - just give parent a brief summary
  • List the prior to meeting conditions of engagement to prevent side conversation in the same room
  • Remind everyone that you need to interpret everything being said. Having several conversations at once is difficult for you (the interpreter)
  • Shushotage interpretation and remind everyone that everything said at the meeting needs to be interpreted
  • Simultaneously interpret for the parent
  • Wait to start interpreting when it becomes a general conversation or ask if they want you to interpret all side conversations

Ethical Dilemmas from various sources

Sarcastic Physician

A 13-year old patient's grandmother asks a physician if she should buy her grandson (who has to use a wheelchair; this is his only disability) an electric wheelchair. The physician sarcastically, casually, and dismissively replies that if she wants her grandson to have a horrible, unhealthy life, then yes, she should buy him an electric wheelchair.

n
279
  1. Interpret the physician's sarcastic response as is.

    227

  2. Adapt the physician's sarcastic response and insert a brief explanation that the grandson powering his wheelchair with his arms is crucial to his cardiovascular health.

    28

  3. Other: 

    24

“Other” responses

  • Ask doctor to clarify
  • Ask provider to rephrase (this gives them opportunity to rephrase not using sarcasm, and hopefully be more respectful)
  • Ask the doctor to repeat his comment
  • Ask the physician for clarification on what they mean by “horrible” and “unhealthy”
  • Ask the physician if he should like me to interpret that
  • Ask the physician to elaborate
  • Clarify with providers first
  • Eliminate sarcasm, keeping the message
  • I think you should interpret as is but also interject as an interpreter and remind both parties that everything said has to be interpreted.
  • I would ask the physician to clarify what they mean and see if they will reword their response to then interpret.
  • I would first say in the TL that the doctor is joking, then interpret what the doc said
  • Interp as is but soften sarcasm
  • Interp. as is but soften sarcasm
  • Interpret as is but maybe work on tone
  • Interpret as is, but insert a brief explanation at the same time
  • Interpret as it was said but likely dial down the tone
  • Interpret what the doctor said as is, but then transparently provide the patient with an explanation as to why this is the case, letting them know this is the interpreter's opinion.

The Long and Winding Road

At a neurology consultation, a mother and her 12-year old son attempt to recreate a sequence of events related to the relatively recent onset of the son's partial facial paralysis. As they trace their steps through visits with a multitude of different providers and clinics, they contradict their timeline constantly, and the sequence of events becomes tangled and confusing.

n
265
  1. Continue to interpret the confusion-inducing back-and-forth between the neurologist and the patients.

    103

  2. Intervene and suggest fetching a whiteboard or several sheets of paper in order to take a more active role in helping to diagram/organize the sequence of events.

    141

  3. Other: 

    21

“Other” responses

  • Ask as interpreter for clarification so I can understand what it is I'm trying to interpret
  • Ask for clarification
  • Ask for clarification
  • Ask for clarification, asking if X happened before Y, etc
  • Ask for extra time for the mother to figure out the right sequences of events
  • Ask to clarify and try to untangle in direct conversation explaining to the provider what I was doing
  • Clarify and take notes to help communication and times
  • Interpret then let provider know
  • Intervene and suggest to interpret once they agreed in the border. If both parts agree, I'll wait. If not, I will just interpret as is.
  • Intervene and let mother know that the timeline may be confusing to the provider. Suggest to simplify timeline and indicate most important dates instead
  • Intervene by telling provider the patient sounds confused about dates and such
  • Intervene by saying that clarification is needed
  • Make a timeline in my own notes and make it visual for everyone
  • Offer the option to track dates/timeline in writing
  • Pause the interpretation to ask to check for understanding
  • Perhaps, the interpreter might ask a few questions in order to be more assured of the topic
  • Stop and ask if I can clarify with mother
  • Take notes and use your clarification protocol before giving your rendition of the statement
  • Use notes to support visual sequence of events
  • Wait for the doctor to suggest that

Awkward Zoom Meeting

A video remote interpreter is left on a video interpreting device in the same room as a patient waiting for a provider to arrive. The interpreter can see and hear everything going on in the room.

n
253
  1. Do a pre-session with the patient and then wait for the provider.

    30

  2. Do a pre-session with the patient and then tell them you will be turning your speakers off until the provider gets there (just wave at the camera when they get there).

    179

  3. Only speak to the patient if they speak to you, and wait for the provider.

    30

  4. Other: 

    14

“Other” responses

  • Ask to be let out of the room until the provider gets there
  • Disconnect from the VRI
  • Do a pre-session to inform them you will shut off sound and camera until the provider is there
  • Don't do anything, just put the screen on privacy; as far as you and they are aware, you're not in the room
  • End the VC
  • I would chat with the patient about other things until the provider comes, and I would explain to the patient at the beginning
  • I would select the second option but with the clarification that I want to respect their privacy by doing that
  • Introduce myself and wait for the provider
  • Introduce yourself and use the time to familiarize yourself with the terms
  • Introduce yourself and tell them that you will be turning off the AV
  • No communication whatsoever until the provider gets there
  • Turn my camera off and do the pre-session when both parties are present
  • Turn off my audio and video. Wait for the provider to come back
  • Will do a pre-session once the provider is there. Turn off speaker and mic

Groundhog Day

In a consultation regarding a burn wound, the patient keeps bringing up the exact same concern over and over (over 10 to 15 times) even though the provider has directly addressed the concern each and every time. The provider is starting to get angry and even starts to think you are not interpreting their answers correctly.

n
252
  1. Transparently intervene and tell the provider what you think will get the patient to understand.

    178

  2. Transparently intervene and politely tell the patient that they can't keep asking the provider the same thing over and over.

    26

  3. Other: 

    48

“Other” responses

  • #1 but outside the room
  • Ask provider to check for understanding, “tell” the provider.
  • Ask the provider for further clarification
  • Ask the provider if they would like the interpreter to rephrase the explanation in a way they might be able to understand
  • Clarificación
  • Clarify understanding with patient
  • Continue interpreting
  • Continue interpreting
  • Continue to interpret
  • Continue to interpret, transparently suggest that there may be confusion
  • Explain that you are a professional interpreter and convey the message accurately and are not responsible for understanding
  • Explain to the provider you are only interpreting what the patient is saying
  • I would intervene and tell the doctor I am interpreting and can’t tell the patient to stop asking the same thing, unless the doctor says that first, then I can interpret that.
  • I would transparently explain to the provider that you are faithfully interpreting the patient's utterances.
  • If provider states that belief then “the interpreter stands by their interpretation as patient is repeating,” if not keep interpreting
  • Inform the provider that you are interpreting
  • Interpret ad verbatim everything that's being said every time.
  • Interpret all
  • Interpret as is; it can relay mental status
  • Interpreter stands by the interpretation
  • Intervene and ask the doctor to clarify
  • Intervene and explain to both parties about the repetition. Same for both.
  • Intervene to confirm that you are interpreting what the patient is saying, then continue to interpret.
  • Just conduit all messages between the two parties professionally
  • Just keep interpreting
  • Keep interpreting verbatim
  • Keep on translating
  • Let the patient know that I am interpreting his concern
  • Let the provider know that the patient keeps repeating himself
  • Let the provider know there may be other reasons that the patient continues repeating the question
  • Let the provider know…
  • Neither, maybe transparently intervene to clarify that both parties understand you correctly.
  • Neither, this happens in English as well, it's not an interpreter issue
  • Number 1 but I would point that out in a more neutral way so both provider and patient can understand what is going on
  • Other
  • Other
  • Politely ask permission from the provider to reiterate your statement
  • Suggest the patient might not be understanding and see if they have more questions that may need to be answered possibly.
  • Tell provider that you're repeating exactly what the patient is saying, then translate this back to the patient
  • Tell the provider that I am just interpreting what the patient is asking and that there could be a misunderstanding since the patient is not understanding the provider’s answer
  • Tell the provider you stand by your interpretation and the patient is being repetitive out of his own will.
  • The provider is the one that needs to tell the patient politely that he has already answered, and interpret for the provider.
  • To not intervene
  • Transparency with patient and provider to let them both know what’s going on, asking the doctor to clarify
  • Transparently intervene and let the provider know that you are accurately interpreting what the patient is saying. It is the provider who would let the patient know that she keeps saying the same thing all over.
  • Transparently intervene and point out that there might be a possible misunderstanding on a particular topic that the provider could clarify. Interpret in both languages.
  • Transparently intervene and state to both parties that there appears to be a miscommunication that could be explored
  • Transparently intervene as the interpreter to request clarity from the service user & service provider, if needed

I am speak your language

A provider with limited proficiency in the patient's language is attempting to communicate directly with the patient in the target language.

n
254
  1. Interpret the provider's semi-comprehensible utterances into the target language just to be safe.

    34

  2. Ask the provider to only speak in English to make sure there are no misunderstandings.

    99

  3. Monitor the patient's face for cues of understanding and intervene if you sense miscommunication.

    110

  4. Other: 

    11

“Other” responses

  • Ask the provider to explain in English and if they want to do it also in the broken target language
  • Ask the provider if they care to make sure they have understood each other at the end of the conversation
  • Clarify with the patient if he is understanding
  • I think this is so uncomfortable and it depends on the policy of the institution on using language skills that have not been assessed
  • If you can’t see the patient’s face, option three does not work so I would choose option one
  • I'll make sure to remind them I'm there listening if they need help/clarification
  • Intervene and ask the patient if they understand
  • Intervene when there is miscommunication
  • It depends! We have a Culture and Language Coaching program where some providers who are enrolled in this program can receive 'safety net' services from some of our staff interpreters who have received training to do so
  • Other
  • The interpreter would like to make sure the patient is understanding. Is the interpreter needed?

Please Don’t Interpret This

In an encounter with a patient, their family member, and the provider, the family member and the provider sometimes have side conversations, which the family member tells you not to interpret since they don't have to do with the consultation.

n
258
  1. Tell the family member you need to interpret everything and do so using chuchotage.

    196

  2. Ask the patient what they prefer.

    33

  3. Do what the family member says.

    8

  4. Other: 

    21

“Other” responses

  • Ask providers how to proceed
  • Ask the provider and the family if they want that interpreted
  • Ask the provider if he/she wants to hear the conversation
  • Do what the member says as long as the provider is okay with that
  • Get consensus from both providers and patients on how to proceed
  • I may choose to summarize the side conversation
  • I work in VRI, so chuchotage would disrupt the conversation. I find that it is better to wait until they are done and inform them I will relay the information they talked about to the patient, emphasizing the key points
  • I would tell the provider and family member as the interpreter what I’m being asked to do and defer to the provider for a decision
  • I’m there to interpret for the patient and provider
  • In pre-session, you should have established that everything would be interpreted
  • Interpret everything said
  • It's the provider's call
  • Let member and patient know that everything must be interpreted. It is up to the patient if it is unnecessary to interpret what the family member says
  • Make sure to tell everyone that everything will be interpreted. Don't say anything that they don't want to be interpreted
  • Other
  • Redo pre-session and state ethical obligation to interpret everything and do so in simultaneous if necessary
  • Remind parties of protocol
  • Restate your role and interpret everything
  • Tell the family member you need to interpret everything
  • Tell them that you must interpret everything that is said in the room
  • Will let the provider know the patient’s instruction